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Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer
Data Sheet
Definitions
All specifications apply over a 5 C to 40 C range (unless otherwise stated) and 30 minutes after the instrument has been turned on.
Measurement Parameters and Range
Measurement parameters
Impedance parameters: |Z|, |Y|, Ls, Lp, Cs, Cp, Rs(R), Rp, X, G, B, D, Q, z, y, ||, x, y, Material parameters (option E4991A-002): (see "Option E4991A-002 material measurement (typical)" on page 17) Permittivity parameters: |r|, r', r", tan Permeability parameters: |r|, r', r", tan
Specification (spec.)
Warranted performance. Specifications include guardbands to account for the expected statistical performance distribution, measurement uncertainties, and changes in performance due to environmental conditions. Supplemental information is intended to provide information useful in applying the instrument, but that is not covered by the product warranty. The information is denoted as typical, or nominal.
Measurement range
Measurement range (|Z|): 130 m to 20 k. (Frequency = 1 MHz, Point averaging factor 8, Oscillator level = -3 dBm; = -13 dBm; or = -23 dBm, Measurement accuracy 10%, Calibration is performed within 23 C 5 C, Measurement is performed within 5 C of calibration temperature)
Typical (typ.)
Expected performance of an average unit which does not include guardbands. It is not covered by the product warranty.
Nominal (nom.)
A general, descriptive term that does not imply a level of performance. It is not covered by the product warranty.
2
Source Characteristics
Frequency
Range: 1 MHz to 3 GHz Resolution: 1 mHz Accuracy: without Option E4991A-1D5: 10 ppm (23 C 5 C) 20 ppm (5 C to 40 C) with Option E4991A-1D5: 1 ppm (5 C to 40 C) Stability: with Option E4991A-1D5: 0.5 ppm/year (5 C to 40 C)(typical)
DC Bias (Option E4991A-001)
DC voltage bias
Range: 0 to 40 V Resolution: 1 mV Accuracy: {0.1% + 6 mV + (Idc[mA] x 20 )[mV]} (23 C 5 C) {0.2% + 12 mV + (Idc[mA] x 40 )[mV]} (5 C to 40 C)
DC current bias
Range: 100 A to 50 mA, -100 A to -50 mA Resolution: 10 A Accuracy: {0.2%+20 A+ (Vdc[V] /10 k)[mA]} (23 C 5 C) {0.4% +40 A+ (Vdc[V] /5 k)[mA]} (5 C to 40 C)
Oscillator level
Range: Power (when 50 load is connected to test port): -40 dBm to 1 dBm (frequency 1 GHz) -40 dBm to 0 dBm (frequency > 1 GHz1) Current (when short is connected to test port): 0.0894 mArms to 10 mArms (frequency 1 GHz) 0.0894 mArms to 8.94 mArms (frequency > 1 GHz1) Voltage (when open is connected to test port): 4.47 mVrms to 502 mVrms (frequency 1 GHz) 4.47 mVrms to 447 mVrms (frequency > 1 GHz1) Resolution: 0.1 dB2 Accuracy: (Power, when 50 load is connected to test port) Frequency 1 GHz: 2 dB (23 C 5 C) 4 dB (5 C to 40 C) Frequency > 1 GHz: 3 dB (23 C 5 C) 5 dB (5 C to 40 C) with Option E4991A-010: Frequency 1 GHz 3.5 dB (23 C 5 C) 5.5 dB (5 C to 40 C) Frequency > 1 GHz 5.6 dB (23 C 5 C) 7.6 dB (5 C to 40 C)
DC bias monitor
Monitor parameters: Voltage and current Voltage monitor accuracy: {0.5% + 15 mV + (Idc[mA] x 2 )[mV]} (23 C 5 C, typical) {1.0% + 30 mV + (Idc[mA] x 4 )[mV]} (5 C to 40 C, typical) Current monitor accuracy: {0.5% + 30 A + (Vdc[V] / 40 k )[mA]} (23 C 5 C, typical) {1.0% + 60 A + (Vdc[V] / 20 k )[mA]} (5 C to 40 C, typical)
Output impedance
Output impedance: 50 (nominal)
1. It is possible to set more than 0 dBm (447 mV, 8.94 mA) oscillator level at frequency > 1 GHz. However, the characteristics at this setting are not guaranteed. 2. When the unit is set at mV or mA, the entered value is rounded to 0.1 dB resolution. 3
Probe Station Connection Kit (Option E4991A-010)
Oscillator level
Power accuracy: Frequency 1 GHz: 5.5 dB (5 C to 40 C) Frequency > 1 GHz: 7.6 dB (5 C to 40 C)
Measurement Accuracy
Conditions for defining accuracy
Temperature: 23 C 5 C Accuracy-specified plane: 7-mm connector of test head Accuracy defined measurement points: Same points at which the calibration is done.
Accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed
|Z|, |Y|: (Ea + Eb) [%] (see Figures 1 through 4 for examples of calculated accuracy) (Ea + Eb) [rad] 100
Sweep Characteristics
Sweep conditions
Sweep parameters: Frequency, oscillator level (power, voltage, current), DC bias voltage, DC bias current Sweep range setup: Start/stop or center/span Sweep types: Frequency sweep: linear, log, segment Other parameters sweep: linear, log Sweep mode: Continuous, single Sweep directions: Oscillator level, DC bias (voltage and current): up sweep, down sweep Other parameters sweep: up sweep Number of measurement points: 2 to 801 Delay time: Types: point delay, sweep delay, segment delay Range: 0 to 30 sec Resolution: 1 msec
: L, C, X, B: R, G: D: at Dx tan
2 (Ea + Eb) x (1 + Dx) [%] 2 (Ea + Eb) x (1 + Qx) [%]
1
at Dx 0.1 Q: at Qx tan
Ea + Eb 100
2 (1 + Qx )tan
1
2 Qx
Segment sweep
Available setup parameters for each segment: Sweep frequency range, number of measurement points, point averaging factor, oscillator level (power, voltage, or current), DC bias (voltage or current), DC bias limit (current limit for voltage bias, voltage limit for current bias) Number of segments: 1 to 16 Sweep span types: Frequency base or order base
at
10 Qx 10 Ea + Eb
Ea + Eb 100
4
Ea + Eb <1 100
Qx tan
Ea + Eb 100
2 (1 + Dx )tan
<1
Dx tan
Ea + Eb 100 Ea + Eb 100
Ea + Eb 100 Ea + Eb 100
Accuracy when open/short/load/low-loss capacitor calibration is performed
(Point averaging factor 8, typical)
|Z|, |Y|: : L, C, X, B: R, G: D: at Dx tan (Ea + Eb) [%] Ec [rad] 100
at oscillator level < -33 dBm: 1 [%] (1 MHz Frequency 100 MHz) 1.2 [%] (100 MHz < Frequency 500 MHz) 1.2 [%] (500 MHz < Frequency 1 GHz) 2.5 [%] (1 GHz < Frequency 1.8 GHz) 5 [%] (1.8 GHz < Frequency 3 GHz) Eb = Zs +Yo* Zx x 100 [%] Zx
(Ea + Eb)2 + (Ec Dx)2 [%] (Ea + Eb)2 + (Ec Qx )2 [%]
2 (1 + Dx )tan
(|Zx|: measurement value of |Z|) 0.08 x F Ec = 0.06 + 1000 [%] (F: frequency [MHz], typical) Zs = (Within 5 C from the calibration temperature. Measurement accuracy applies when the calibration is performed at 23 C 5 C. When the calibration is performed beyond 23 C 5 C, the measurement accuracy decreases to half that described. F: frequency [MHz].) at oscillator level = -3 dBm, -13 dBm, or -23 dBm: (13 + 0.5 x F) [m] (averaging factor 8) (25 + 0.5 x F) [m] (averaging factor 7) at oscillator level -33 dBm (25 + 0.5 x F) [m] (averaging factor 8) (50 + 0.5 x F) [m] (averaging factor 7) at oscillator level < -33 dBm (50 + 0.5 x F) [m] (averaging factor 8) (100 + 0.5 x F) [m] (averaging factor 7) Yo = (Within 5 C from the calibration temperature. Measurement accuracy applies when the calibration is performed at 23 C 5 C. When the calibration is performed beyond 23 C 5 C, the measurement accuracy decreases to half that described. F: frequency [MHz].) at oscillator level = -3 dBm, -13 dBm, -23 dBm: (5 + 0.1 x F) [S] (averaging factor 8) (10 + 0.1 x F) [S] (averaging factor 7) at oscillator level -33 dBm: (10 + 0.1 x F) [S] (averaging factor 8) (30 + 0.1 x F) [S] (averaging factor 7) at oscillator level < -33 dBm (20 + 0.1 x F) [S] (averaging factor 8) (60 + 0.1 x F) [S] (averaging factor 7)
1 Ec 100
at Dx 0.1 Q: at Qx tan
1
at
10 Qx 10 Ec
2 Qx
Ec 100
(See Figure 5)
Definition of each parameter
Dx = Measurement value of D Qx = Measurement value of Q Ea = (Within 5 C from the calibration temperature. Measurement accuracy applies when the calibration is performed at 23 C 5 C. When the calibration is performed beyond 23 C 5 C, measurement error doubles.) at oscillator level -33 dBm: 0.65 [%] (1 MHz Frequency 100 MHz) 0.8 [%] (100 MHz < Frequency 500 MHz) 1.2 [%] (500 MHz < Frequency 1 GHz) 2.5 [%] (1 GHz < Frequency 1.8 GHz) 5 [%] (1.8 GHz < Frequency 3 GHz)
Ec <1 100
2 (1 + Qx )tan
Qx tan
Ec 100
Ec 100
<1
Ec Dx tan 100
Ec 100 Ec 100
5
Measurement Accuracy (continued)
Calculated impedance measurement accuracy
Figure 1. |Z|, |Y| Measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level = -23 dBm, -13 dBm, -3 dBm. Point averaging factor 8 within 5 C from the calibration temperature.
Figure 3. |Z|, |Y| Measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level -33 dBm. Point averaging factor 7 within 5 C from the calibration temperature.
Figure 2. |Z|, |Y| Measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level -33 dBm. Point averaging factor 8 within 5 C from the calibration temperature.
6
Figure 4. |Z|, |Y| Measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level < -33 dBm within 5 C from the calibration temperature.
Measurement Support Functions
Error correction
Available calibration and compensation Open/short/load calibration: Connect open, short, and load standards to the desired reference plane and measure each kind of calibration data. The reference plane is called the calibration reference plane. Low-loss capacitor calibration: Connect the dedicated standard (low-loss capacitor) to the calibration reference plane and measure the calibration data. Port extension compensation (fixture selection): When a device is connected to a terminal that is extended from the calibration reference plane, set the electrical length between the calibration plane and the device contact. Select the model number of the registered test fixtures in the E4991A's setup toolbar or enter the electrical length for the user's test fixture. Open/short compensation: When a device is connected to a terminal that is extended from the calibration reference plane, make open and/or short states at the device contact and measure each kind of compensation data. Calibration/compensation data measurement point User-defined point mode: Obtain calibration/compensation data at the same frequency and power points as used in actual device measurement, which are determined by the sweep setups. Each set of calibration/compensation data is applied to each measurement at the same point. If measurement points (frequency and/or power) are changed by altering the sweep setups, calibration/ compensation data become invalid and calibration or compensation data acquisition is again required.
Figure 5. Q Measurement accuracy when open/short/load/low-loss capacitor calibration is performed (typical).
7
Measurement Support Functions (continued)
Fixed frequency and fixed power point mode: Obtain calibration/compensation data at fixed frequency and power points covering the entire frequency and power range of the E4991A. In device measurement, calibration or compensation is applied to each measurement point by using interpolation. Even if the measurement points (frequency and/or power) are changed by altering the sweep setups, you don't need to retake the calibration or compensation data. Fixed frequency and user-defined power point mode: Obtain calibration/compensation data at fixed frequency points covering the entire frequency range of the E4991A and at the same power points as used in actual device measurement which are determined by the sweep setups. Only if the power points are changed, calibration/ compensation data become invalid and calibration or compensation data acquisition is again required.
Trigger
Trigger mode: Internal, external (external trigger input connector), bus (GPIB), manual (front key)
Averaging
Types: Sweep-to-sweep averaging, point averaging Setting range: Sweep-to-sweep averaging: 1 to 999 (integer) Point averaging: 1 to 100 (integer)
Display
LCD display : Type/size: color LCD, 8.4 inch (21.3 cm) Resolution: 640 (horizontal) x 480 (vertical) Number of traces: Data trace: 3 scalar traces + 2 complex traces (maximum) Memory trace: 3 scalar traces + 2 complex traces (maximum) Trace data math: Data - memory, data/memory (for complex parameters), delta% (for scalar parameters), offset Format: For scalar parameters: linear Y-axis, log Y-axis For complex parameters: Z, Y: polar, complex; : polar, complex, Smith, admittance Other display functions: Split/overlay display (for scalar parameters), phase expansion
8
Marker
Number of markers: Main marker: one for each trace (marker 1) Sub marker: seven for each trace (marker 2 to marker 8) Reference marker: one for each trace (marker R) Marker search: Search type: maximum, minimum, target, peak Search track: performs search with each sweep Other functions: Marker continuous mode, marker coupled mode, marker list, marker statistics
Interface
GPIB
Standard conformity: IEEE 488.1-1987, IEEE 488.2-1987 Available functions (function code)1: SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1, RL0, PP0, DT1, DC1, C0, E2 Numerical data transfer format: ASCII Protocol: IEEE 488.2-1987
Printer parallel port
Interface standard: IEEE 1284 Centronics Connector type: 25-pin D-sub connector, female
Equivalent circuit analysis
Circuit models: 3-component model (4 models), 4-component model (1 model) Analysis types: Equivalent circuit parameters calculation, frequency characteristics simulation
LAN interface
Standard conformity: 10 Base-T or 100 Base-TX (automatically switched), Ethertwist, RJ45 connector Protocol: TCP/IP
Limit marker test
Number of markers for limit test: 9 (marker R, marker 1 to 8) Setup parameters for each marker: Stimulus value, upper limit, and lower limit
Functions: FTP
USB Port
Interface standard: USB 1.1 Connector type: Standard USB A, female Available functions: Provides connection to printers and USB/GPIB Interface.
Mass storage
Built-in flexible disk drive: 3.5 inch, 720 KByte or 1.44 MByte, DOS format Hard disk drive: 2 GByte (minimum) Stored data: State (binary), measurement data (binary, ASCII or CITI file), display graphics (bmp, jpg), VBA program (binary)
1. Refer to the standard for the meaning of each function code. 9
Measurement Terminal (At Test Head)
Connector type: 7-mm connector
Rear Panel Connectors
External reference signal input connector
Frequency: 10 MHz 10 ppm (typical) Level: 0 dBm to +6 dBm (typical) Input impedance: 50 (nominal) Connector type: BNC, female
Internal reference signal output connector
Frequency: 10 MHz (nominal) Accuracy of frequency: Same as frequency accuracy described in "Frequency" on page 3 Level: +2 dBm (nominal) Output impedance: 50 (nominal) Connector type: BNC, female
High stability frequency reference output connector (Option E4991A-1D5)
Frequency: 10 MHz (nominal) Accuracy of frequency: Same as frequency accuracy described in "Frequency" on page 3 Level: +2 dBm (nominal) Output impedance: 50 (nominal) Connector type: BNC, female
10
External trigger input connector
Level: LOW threshold voltage: 0.5 V HIGH threshold voltage: 2.1 V Input level range: 0 V to +5 V Pulse width (Tp): 2 sec (typical). See Figure 6 for definition of Tp. Polarity: Positive or negative (selective) Connector type: BNC, female
Tp 5V OV Tp 5V OV Tp Tp
General Characteristics
Environment conditions
Operating condition
Temperature: 5 C to 40 C Humidity: (at wet bulb temperature 29 C, without condensation) Flexible disk drive non-operating condition: 15% to 90% RH Flexible disk drive operating condition: 20% to 80% RH Altitude: 0 m to 2,000 m (0 feet to 6,561 feet)
Negative trigger signal
Postive trigger signal
Vibration: 0.5 G maximum, 5 Hz to 500 Hz Warm-up time: 30 minutes
Figure 6. Definition of pulse width (Tp)
Non-operating storage condition
Temperature: -20 C to +60 C Humidity: (at wet bulb temperature 45 C, without condensation) 15% to 90% RH Altitude: 0 m to 4,572 m (0 feet to 15,000 feet) Vibration: 1 G maximum, 5 Hz to 500 Hz
11
General Characteristics (continued) Other Specifications
EMC
European Council Directive 89/336/EEC
Safety
European Council Directive 73/23/EEC IEC 61010-1:1990+A1+A2 / EN 61010-1:1993+A2 INSTALLATION CATEGORY II, POLLUTION DEGREE 2 INDOOR USE IEC60825-1:1994 CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT
IEC 61326-1:1997+A1 CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 Group 1, Class A IEC 61000-4-2:1995 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 4 kV CD / 4 kV AD IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1996 3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz, 80% AM IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 1 kV power / 0.5 kV Signal IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995 0.5 kV Normal / 1 kV Common IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 3 V, 0.15-80 MHz, 80% AM IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994 100% 1cycle Note: When tested at 3 V/m according to EN 61000-4-3:1996, the measurement accuracy will be within specifications over the full immunity test frequency range of 80 MHz to 1000 MHz except when the analyzer frequency is identical to the transmitted interference signal test frequency.
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
Power requirements
90 V to 132 V, or 198 V to 264 V (automatically switched), 47 Hz to 63 Hz, 350 VA maximum
Weight
Main unit: 17 kg (nominal) Test head: 1 kg (nominal)
Dimensions
Main unit: See Figure 7 through Figure 9 Test head: See Figure 10 Option E4991A-007 test head dimensions: See Figure 11 Option E4991A-010 test head dimensions: See Figure 12
AS/NZS 2064.1/2 Group 1, Class A
12
425.6
A gilent
E4991A
1M Hz - 3 G Hz RF Im pedanc e/M aterial A naly z er
MEASUREMENT ENTRY / NAVIGATION
Trace
Meas/ Format
7
8
9
G /n
S c a le
Display
4
5
6
M/
Marker
Marker Fctn
1
2
3
k /m
STIMULUS
0
Click
.
+/-
Enter
Start/ Stop
Source
Cal/ Compen
Cancel/ Close
OK/ Apply
Menu
SYSTEM
Trigger
Trigger Setup
Utility
System
Save/ Recall
Preset
TEST HEAD INTERFACE
A v o id s t a t ic d is c h a r g e RF OUT PORT 1 PORT 2
58.8
40.6
62.5
Figure 7. Main unit dimensions (front view, in millimeters, nominal)
426.2 107.8 27.7
27.5
221.6
Sweep
179.8
30.0 30.3
Figure 8. Main unit dimensions (rear view, in millimeters, nominal)
32.0
389.7
214.4
23.4 17.3
221.6
12.8
21.0
Figure 9. Main unit dimensions (side view, in millimeters, nominal)
18.0
214.4
13
General Characteristics (continued)
40.0
58.8 40.6 30.3
64.3
52.0
92.1
134.5
162.9
160.0
41.7
Figure 10. Test head dimensions (in millimeters, nominal)
Figure 11. Option E4991A-007 test head dimensions (in millimeters, nominal)
14
General Characteristics (continued)
111 32.1 22 62.9
52 38
56.4
67.9
19.3
19 121
Figure 12. Option E4991A-010 test head dimensions (in millimeters, nominal)
40.4
5.9
15
Furnished accessories
Model/option number Agilent E4991A Description Agilent E4991A impedance/material analyzer (main unit) Test head Agilent 16195B 7-mm calibration kit Torque wrench E4991A recovery disk Power cable CD-ROM (English/Japanese PDF manuals) 1 Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. The CD-ROM includes an operation manual, an installation and quick start guide, and a programming manual. A service manual is not included.
16
Option E4491A-002 Material Measurement (Typical)
Measurement parameter
Permittivity parameters: |r|, r', r", tan Permeability parameters: |r|, r', r", tan Typical accuracy of permittivity parameters: 'rm : 'rm 100 1- 13 f 'rm
2
r' accuracy
=
Frequency range
Using with Agilent 16453A: 1 MHz to 1 GHz (typical) Using with Agilent 16454A: 1 MHz to 1 GHz (typical) 5 + 10 +
0.1 t 'rm + + 0.25 t f 'rm
[%]
Measurement accuracy
Conditions for defining accuracy: Calibration: Open, short, and load calibration at the test port (7-mm connector) Calibration temperature: Calibration is performed at an environmental temperature within the range of 23 C 5 C. Measurement error doubles when calibration temperature is below 18 C or above 28 C. Temperature: Temperature deviation: within 5 C from the calibration temperature Environment temperature: Measurement accuracy applies when the calibration is performed at 23 C 5 C. When the calibration is below 18 C or above 23 C, measurement error doubles. Measurement frequency points: Same as calibration points Oscillator level: Same as the level set at calibration Point averaging factor: 8 Electrode pressure setting of 16453A: maximum
(at tan < 0.1) Loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan): (Ea + Eb) (at tan < 0.1)
*
where, Ea = at Frequency 1 GHz: 0.002 + 0.001 t * + 0.004f + f 'rm 0.1 13 1- f 'rm
2
Eb f t 'rm
=
'rm 1 0.002 'rm * 100 + 'rm t tan
= Measurement frequency [GHz] = Thickness of MUT (material under test) [mm] = Measured value of 'r
tan = Measured value of dielectric loss tangent
17
Typical accuracy of permeability parameters:
r' accuracy = 4+
' rm : ' rm
2
0.02 25 15 + F'rm 1 + x f F'rm F'rm
f 2 [%]
(at tan < 0.1) Loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan): (Ea + Eb ) (at tan < 0.1) where, Ea = 0.002 + Eb = f F h b c 0.001 + 0.004 f F'rm f
*
rm' tan * 'rm 100
= Measurement frequency [GHz] c = hln [mm] b = Height of MUT (material under test) [mm] = Inner diameter of MUT (material under test) [mm] = Outer diameter of MUT (material under test) [mm]
'rm = Measured value of 'r tan = Measured value of loss tangent
18
Option E4491A-002 Material Measurement (typical) (continued)
Examples of calculated permittivity measurement accuracy
Figure 13. Permittivity accuracy (
'r ) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) 'r
' Figure 14. Permittivity accuracy ( r ) vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical) 'r
Figure 15. Permittivity accuracy (
'r ) vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical) 'r
19
Figure 16. Dielectric loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical)1
Figure 19. Permittivity ('r) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical)
Figure 17. Dielectric loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical)1
Figure 20. Permittivity ('r) vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical)
Figure 18. Dielectric loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical)1
Figure 21. Permittivity ('r) vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical)
1. This graph shows only frequency dependence of Ea to simplify it. The typical accuracy of tan is defined as Ea + Eb; refer to "Typical accuracy of permittivity parameters" on page 17. 20
Option E4991A-002 Material Measurement (typical) (continued)
Examples of calculated permeability measurement accuracy
Figure 22. Permeability accuracy (
'r ) vs. frequency (at F = 0.5, typical) 'r
'r Figure 23. Permeability accuracy ( vs. frequency (at F = 3, typical) 'r )
Figure 24. Permeability accuracy (
'r ) vs. frequency (at F = 10, typical) 'r
21
Figure 25. Permeability loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at F = 0.5, typical)1
Figure 28. Permeability ('r ) vs. frequency (at F = 0.5, typical)
Figure 26. Permeability loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at F = 3, typical)1
Figure 29. Permeability ('r ) vs. frequency (at F = 3, typical)
Figure 27. Permeability loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at F = 10, typical)1
Figure 30. Permeability ('r ) vs. frequency (at F = 10, typical)
1. This graph shows only frequency dependence of Ea to simplify it. The typical accuracy of tan is defined as Ea + Eb; refer to "Typical accuracy of permeability parameters" on page 18. 22
Option E4991A-007 Temperature Characteristic Test Kit
This section contains specifications and supplemental information for the E4991A Option E4991A-007. Except for the contents in this section, the E4991A standard specifications and supplemental information are applied. Impedance, admittance and phase angle accuracy: |Z|, |Y| (Ea + Eb ) [%] (see Figure 31 through Figure 34 for calculated accuracy) (Ea + Eb ) 100 [rad]
Operation temperature
Range: -55 C to +150 C (at the test port of the high temperature cable)
Source characteristics
Frequency
Range: 1 MHz to 3 GHz
where, Ea = at oscillator level -33 dBm: 0.8 [%] (1 MHz 100 MHz) 1 [%] (100 MHz < 500 MHz) 1.2 [%] (500 MHz < 1 GHz) 2.5 [%] (1 GHz < 1.8 GHz) 5 [%] (1.8 GHz < 3 GHz) at oscillator level < -33 dBm: 1.2 [%] (1 MHz 100 MHz) 1.5 [%] (100 MHz < 500 MHz) 1.5 [%] (500 MHz < 1 GHz) 2.5 [%] (1 GHz < 1.8 GHz) 5 [%] (1.8 GHz < 3 GHz) (Where, is frequency) Eb = Zs + Yo x |Zx| x 100 [%] |Zx|
Oscillator level
Source power accuracy at the test port of the high temperature cable: Frequency 1 GHz: +2 dB/-4 dB (23 C 5 C) +4 dB/-6 dB (5 C to 40 C) Frequency > 1 GHz: +3 dB/-6 dB (23 C 5 C) +5 dB/-8 dB (5 C to 40 C)
Where, |Zx|= Absolute value of impedance
Measurement accuracy (at 23 C 5 C)
Conditions 1 The measurement accuracy is specified when the following conditions are met: Calibration: open, short and load calibration is completed at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable Calibration temperature: calibration is performed at an environmental temperature within the range of 23 C 5 C. Measurement error doubles when calibration temperature is below 18 C or above 28 C. Measurement temperature range: within 5 C of calibration temperature Measurement plane: same as calibration plane Oscillator level: same as the level set at calibration
Zs
= At oscillator level = -3 dBm, -13 dBm, or -23 dBm: (30 + 0.5 x F) [m] (point averaging factor 8) (40 + 0.5 x F) [m] (point averaging factor 7) At oscillator level -33 dBm: (35 + 0.5 x F) [m] (point averaging factor 8) (70 + 0.5 x F) [m] (point averaging factor 7) At oscillator level < -33 dBm: (50 + 0.5 x F) [m] (point averaging factor 8) (150 + 0.5 x F) [m] (point averaging factor 7) (Where, F is frequency in MHz)
Yo
= At oscillator level = -3 dBm, -13 dBm, -23 dBm: (12 + 0.1 x F) [S] (point averaging factor 8) (20 + 0.1 x F) [S] (point averaging factor 7) At oscillator level -33 dBm: (15 + 0.1 x F) [S] (point averaging factor 8) (40 + 0.1 x F) [S] (point averaging factor 7) At oscillator level < -33 dBm: (35 + 0.1 x F) [S] (point averaging factor 8) (80 + 0.1 x F) [S] (point averaging factor 7)
1. The high temperature cable must be kept at the same position throughout calibration and measurement.
(Where, F is frequency in MHz)
23
Calculated Impedance/Admittance Measurement Accuracy
Figure 31.|Z|, |Y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level = -23 dBm, -13 dBm, -3 dBm. Point averaging factor 8 within 5 C of calibration temperature.
Figure 33.|Z|, |Y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level -33 dBm. Point averaging factor 7 within 5 C of calibration temperature.
Figure 32.|Z|, |Y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level -33 dBm. Point averaging factor 8 within 5 C of calibration temperature.
Figure 34.|Z|, |Y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. Oscillator level < -33 dBm. Point averaging factor 8 within 5 C of calibration temperature.
24
Typical Effects of Temperature Change on Measurement Accuracy
When the temperature at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable changes from the calibration temperature, typical measurement accuracy involving temperature dependence effects (errors) is applied. The typical measurement accuracy is represented by the sum of error due to temperature coefficients (Ea, Yoand Zs), hysteresis error (Eah , Yoh and Zsh) and the specified accuracy.
Conditions
The typical measurement accuracy is applied when the following conditions are met: Conditions of Ea', Zs' and Yo': Measurement temperature: -55 C to 5 C or 40 C to 150 C at test port. For 5 C to 40 C, Ea, Yo and Zs are 0 (neglected). Temperature change: 5 C from calibration temperature when the temperature compensation is off. 20 C from calibration temperature when the temperature compensation is set to on. Calibration temperature: 23 C 5 C Calibration mode: user calibration Temperature compensation: temperature compensation data is acquired at the same temperature points as measurement temperatures. Conditions of Eah, Zsh and Yoh: Measurement temperature: -55 C to 150 C at the test port Calibration temperature: 23 C 5 C Calibration mode: user calibration
25
Typical measurement accuracy (involving temperature dependence effects)1: |Z|, |Y|: (Ea + Eb + Ec + Ed) [%] Where, Ec Ed Where, |Zx| = Absolute value of measured impedance = = Ea x T + Eah Zsx T + Zsh + (Yox T + Yoh ) x |Zx| x 100 [%] |Zx|
Figure 35. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient, (Ec+Ed)/T, when |Zx|= 10 and 250 , E ah= Z sh= Yoh= 0 are assumed 2.
:
(Ea + Eb + Ec + Ed) [rad] 100
Here, Ea, Zs and Yo are given by the following equations: Without temperature compensation With temperature compensation 1 MHz < 500 MHz Ea Zs Yo 0.006 + 0.015 x [%/C] 1 + 10 x [m/C] 0.3 + 3 x [S/C] 500 MHz 3 GHz
0.006 + 0.015 x [%/C] 0.006 + 0.015 x [%/C] 1 + 10 x [m/C] 0.3 + 3 x [S/C] 5 + 2 x [m/C] 1.5 + 0.6 x [S/C]
=
Measurement frequency in GHz
Eah, Zsh and Yoh are given by following equations: Eah Zsh Yoh T = = = = Ea x Tmax x 0.3 [%] Zs x Tmax x 0.3 [m] Yo x Tmax x 0.3 [S] Difference of measurement temperature-from calibration temperature Maximum temperature change (C) at the test port from calibration temperature after the calibration is performed.
Tmax =
1. See graphs in Figure 35 for the calculated values of (Ec+Ed) exclusive of the hysteresis errors Eah, Zsh and Yoh, when measured impedance is 10 and 250 . 2. Read the value of |Z|%/C at the material measurement frequency and multiply it by T to derive the value of (Ec+Ed) when Eah= Yoh= Zsh= 0. 26
Typical Material Measurement Accuracy When Using Options E4991A-002 and E4991A-007
Material measurement accuracy contains the permittivity and permeability measurement accuracy when the E4991A with Option E4991A-002 and E4991A-007 is used with the 16453A or 16454A test fixture. Typical permittivity measurement accuracy1: r accuracy 5 + 10 + rm rm
E =
: 100
Measurement parameter
Permittivity parameters: |r|, 'r , ", tan Permeability parameters: |r|, 'r , ", tan
0.5 t m r x + 0.25 x + f t rm
|
1-
13 f rm
2
|
Frequency
Use with Agilent 16453A: 1 MHz to 1 GHz (typical) Use with Agilent 16454A: 1 MHz to 1 GHz (typical)
[%] (at tan < 0.1) Loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan) : (Ea + Eb ) (at tan < 0.1) where, Ea =
.
Operation temperature
Range: -55 C to +150 C (at the test port of the high temperature cable)
Typical material measurement accuracy (at 23 C 150 C)
Conditions The measurement accuracy is specified when the following conditions are met: Calibration: Open, short and load calibration is completed at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable Calibration temperature: Calibration is performed at an environmental temperature within the range of 23 C 5 C. Measurement error doubles when calibration temperature is below 18 C or above 28 C. Measurement temperature range: Within 5 C of calibration temperature Measurement frequency points: Same as calibration points (User Cal) Oscillator level: Same as the level set at calibration Point averaging factor: 8
at Frequency 1 GHz 0.002 + 0.0025 t x + (0.008 x f ) + f rm 0.1
|
1-
13 f rm
2
|
Eb
=
rm rm
x
1 0.002 + rm x tan 100 t
f t
= Measurement frequency [GHz] = Thickness of MUT (material under test) [mm]
rm = Measured value of r tan = Measured value of dielectric loss tangent
1. The accuracy applies when the electrode pressure of the 16453A is set to maximum. 27
Typical permeability measurement accuracy:
r accuracy 4+
E =
rm rm
:
2
0.02 25 15 x + F x x 1 + rm f F x rm F x rm [%] (at tan < 0.1)
x f2
Loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan) : (Ea + Eb ) (at tan < 0.1) where, Ea = 0.002 + 0.005 + 0.004 x f F x rm x f
.
Eb f F
=
tan rm x rm 100
= Measurement frequency [GHz] = hln c [mm] b
h b c rm
= Height of MUT (material under test) [mm] = Inner diameter of MUT [mm] = Outer diameter of MUT [mm] = Measured value of r Measured value of loss tangent
tan =
28
Examples of Calculated Permittivity Measurement Accuracy
' Figure 36. Permittivity accuracy ( r ) vs. frequency, 'r (at t = 0.3 mm typical)
Figure 39. Dielectric loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical)1
Figure 37. Permittivity accuracy ( (at t = 1 mm, typical)
'r ) vs. frequency 'r
Figure 40. Dielectric loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical)1
Figure 38. Permittivity accuracy ( (at t = 3 mm, typical)
'r ) vs. frequency 'r
Figure 41. Dielectric loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical)1
1. This graph shows only frequency dependence of Ea for simplification. The typical accuracy of tan is defined as Ea + Eb; refer to "Typical permittivity measurement accuracy" on page 27.
29
Examples of Calculated Permittivity Measurement Accuracy (continued)
Figure 42. Permittivity ('r) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical)
Figure 43. Permittivity ('r) vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical)
Figure 44. Permittivity ('r) vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical)
30
Examples of Calculated Permeability Measurement Accuracy
Figure 45. Permeability accuracy (
'r vs. frequency (at F = 0.5, typical) 'r )
Figure 48. Permeability loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at F = 0.5, typical)1
Figure 46. Permeability accuracy (
'r vs. frequency (at F = 3, typical) 'r
)
Figure 49. Permeability loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. frequency (at F = 3, typical)1
Figure 47. Permeability accuracy (
'r vs. frequency (at F = 10, typical) 'r )
Figure 50. Permeability loss tangent (tan) accuracy vs. Frequency (at F = 10, typical)1
1. This graph shows only frequency dependence of Ea for simplification. The typical accuracy of tan is defined as Ea + Eb; refer to "Typical permeability measurement accuracy" on page 28.
31
Examples of Calculated Permeability Measurement Accuracy (continued)
Figure 51. Permeability ('r ) vs. frequency (at F = 0.5, typical)
Figure 52. Permeability ('r ) vs. frequency (at F = 3, typical)
Figure 53. Permeability ('r ) vs. frequency (at F = 10, typical)
32
Typical Effects of Temperature Change on Permittivity Measurement Accuracy
When the temperature at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable changes more than 5 C from the calibration temperature, the typical permittivity measurement accuracy involving temperature dependence effects (errors) is applied. The typical permittivity accuracy is represented by the sum of error due to temperature coefficient (Tc), hysteresis error (Tcx Tmax) and the accuracy at 23 C 5 C. Typical accuracy of permittivity parameters: r accuracy = rm : rm
(E + Ef + Eg) [%] Loss tangent accuracy of (= tan) : (E + Ef + Eg ) 100
.
where, E = Permittivity measurement accuracy at 23 C 5 C Ef = Tc x T Eg = Tc x Tmax x 0.3 Tc = K1 + K2 + K3 See Figure 54 through Figure 56 for the calculated value of Tc without temperature compensation K1 = 1 x 10-6 x (60 + 150 x ) K
2
= rm t x 1- 1 f fo
2
3 x 10-6 x (1 + 10 x ) x
+10 x
K3 = 1 5 x 10-3 x (0.3 + 3 x ) x rm t x 1- 1 f fo
2
+10 x
33
Typical accuracy of permittivity parameters (continued): with temperature compensation K1 K2 = 1 x 10-6 x (60 + 150 x ) = 1 MHz f < 500 MHz 3 x 10-6 x (1 + 10 x ) x rm t x 1- 1 f fo
2
+10
x
500 MHz 1 GHz 3 x 10-6 x (5 + 2 x ) x rm t x 1- 1 f fo
2
+10
x
K3
= 1 MHz < 500 MHz 1 5 x 10-3 x (0.3 + 3 x ) x rm x t 1- 1 f fo
2
+10 x
500 MHz 1 GHz 1 5 x 10-3 x (1.5 + 0.6 x ) x rm t 1 1- f fo
2
x
+10 x
o t rm T
= Measurement frequency [GHz] 13 = [GHz] r = Thickness of MUT (material under test) [mm] = Measured value of r = Difference of measurement temperature from calibration temperature
Tmax = Maximum temperature change (C) at test port from calibration temperature after the calibration is performed.
34
Figure 54. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient of 'r (Thickness = 0.3 mm)
Figure 55. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient of 'r (Thickness = 1 mm)
Figure 56. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient of 'r (Thickness = 3 mm)
35
Typical Effects of Temperature Change on Permeability Measurement Accuracy
When the temperature at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable changes more than 5 C from the calibration temperature, the typical permeability measurement accuracy involving temperature dependence effects (errors) is applied. The typical permeability accuracy is represented by the sum of error due to temperature coefficient (Tc), hysteresis error (Tc x Tmax) and the accuracy at 23 C 5 C. Typical accuracy of permeability parameters: rm rm
r accuracy
=
:
(E + Eh + Ei ) [%] Loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan) : where, E Eh Ei Tc = = = = Permeability measurement accuracy at 23 C 5 C Tc x T Tc x Tmax x 0.3 K4 + K5 + K6 See Figure 57 through Figure 59 for the calculated value of Tc without temperature compensation K4 K5 = = |1 - 0.01 x {F x ( - 1) + 10} x 2| rm {F x (rm -1) + 20} x 1 x 10-6 x (60 + 150 x ) (E + Eh + Ei ) 100
.
1 x 10-2 x (1 + 10 x ) x
K6
= {F x (rm - 1) + 20} x |1 - 0.01 x {F x ( -1) + 10} x 2| rm
2 x 10-6 x (0.3 + 3 x ) x
with temperature compensation K4 K5 = = 1 MHz < 500 MHz 1 x 10-2 x (1 + 10 x ) x |1 - 0.01 x {F x ( - 1) +10} x 2| rm {F x ( - 1) + 20} x rm 1 x 10-6 x (60 + 150 x )
500 MHz 1 GHz 1 x 10-2 x (5 + 2 x ) x |1 - 0.01 x {F x (rm - 1) +10} x 2| {F x ( - 1) + 20} x rm
36
Typical accuracy of permeability parameters (continued): K6 = 1 MHz < 500 MHz 2 x 10-6 x (0.3 + 3 x ) x {F x ( - 1) + 20} x rm |1 - 0.01 x {F x ( - 1) +10} x 2| rm
500 MHz 1 GHz 2 x 10-6 x (1.5 + 0.6 x ) x {F x ( -1) + 20} x rm |1 - 0.01 x {F x (rm -1) +10} x 2|
= Measurement frequency [GHz] = hln c [mm] b
F
h b c T
= Height of MUT (material under test) [mm] = Inner diameter of MUT [mm] = Outer diameter of MUT [mm] = Measured value of r = Difference of measurement temperature from calibration temperature
Tmax = Maximum temperature change (C) at test port from calibration temperature after the calibration is performed.
37
Figure 57. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient of 'r (at F = 0.5)
Figure 58. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient of 'r (at F = 3)
Figure 59. Typical frequency characteristics of temperature coefficient of 'r (at F = 10)
38
39
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